SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP RESEARCH IN THE MIDDLE EAST (SYSTEMATIC REVIEW)
In the last few years, concert international efforts have been made to achieve United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs-2030), and societal well-being. Social Entrepreneurship (SE) is a new and creative approach to address diverse social challenges. Undoubtedly, SE is a flexible and dynamic framework capable of establishing the basic approach for responding to many urgent societies’challenges such as poverty, unemployment, and environmental issues (climate change, agricultural familiar, pollution). In this context, the main aim of this research was to give an overview of the development in research related to SE in the Middle East countries, based on Google Scholar database between 2010 and 2020. Results showed that, total research has reached 80 items, where the year 2015 has the highest number of research items (25), followed by 2017 (14), then 2016, 2017, 2018 with eight research items for each one. In terms of countries, research about SE in all Middle East as a whole represented 51% of the total number of researches: Egypt (12%), UAE (6%), Lebanon (6%), and Saudi Arabia (6%). The output of this research emphasizes that, the blooming emergence of SE in the Middle East happened mainly after the so called “Arab Spring”, although it originally goes back to the 2000s. Furthermore, the Middle East region has a great potential for emerging SE with a remarkable appearance of women entrepreneurship.
- Type: Review Article
- Published on: 7th March, 2022
- Keywords: Social entrepreneurship; Nonprofit organizations; Social innovation; Systematic literature review;
- Pages: 7-15
- Received: 11th December, 2021
- Final revision and acceptance: 6th March, 2022
THE IMPORTANCE OF DIVERSITY MANAGEMENT IN RELATION WITH OTHER FUNCTIONS OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT - A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Diversity in the workplace has become a topic of great interest nowadays due to its benefits to the organisation and the people working in it. This research aims to investigate the importance of diversity management in the organisation and the relationship between diversity management and the other functions of human resource management. The research took a qualitative approach through a comprehensive review of previous literature. Six main functions of human resource management were identified: recruitment and selection, performance assessment, development of human resources, penalties and rewards, perception of employees, and well-being of employees. In addition to that, the four main aspects of diversity were found to be diversity of age, gender, ethnicity and religion. Additionally, it was found that enhancing the diversity management of these aspects affected all the other identified human resource functions positively. For that purpose, it is recommended to promote diversity in the organisation through human resource management in an embedded way within the organisation's systems, which ensures the well-being of the employees and increases the performance in the organisation.
- Type: Review Article
- Published on: 1st April, 2022
- Keywords: Human resource management; Diversity; Literature review; Well-being; Performance;
- Pages: 17-27
- Received: 22th December, 2021
- Final revision and acceptance: 29th March, 2022
THE RATIONALE FOR SATURATION IN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH: WHEN PRACTICE INFORMS THEORY
This paper acknowledges the significance of data saturation in research as a methodological instrument governing the non-negotiable yet highly questioned scientific rigor in research. Therefore, it employs a reflective research-practice based approach to evaluate the importance of data saturation in qualitative research. It draws on context and time-bound first-hand research practices of sampling and collecting quality data using face-to-face, semi-structured interviews with migrant entrepreneurs in London between 2017-2021. This paper shows that data saturation is a complex phenomenon expanding beyond the theoretical rationale experienced as a before, during and after an iterative and reflective process of engaging with the research participants and data (i.e., triangulation of sources, disciplinary traditions, researcher’s experiences and participants’ willingness and readiness to share), which anchors researcher’s decision to resume data collection. This paper employs reflective fieldwork-based practices to demonstrate how saturation is reached in a phenomenological interpretative study. Thus, it contributes to the qualitative research scholarship by addressing the misalignment between theory and practice and bringing a practice-based, triangulated perspective on data saturation.
- Type: Review Article
- Published on: 15th April, 2022
- Keywords: Qualitative Research; Data Saturation; Sampling; Scientific Rigor;
- Pages: 29-35
- Received: 9th January, 2022
- Final revision and acceptance: 14th April, 2022
HOW CAN CULTURAL STRATEGIES AND PLACE ATTACHMENT SHAPE CITY BRANDING?
In the context of globalisation, which forces cities to compete against each other in a race for attractiveness, having a powerful brand image can help attract and retain proffesionals and visitors alike. This article is a literature review that aims to highlight the particularities of building a city brand through cultural strategies. Whether authorities focus on a local personality, flagship buildings, large recurring events, cultural neighborhoods or an art theme in order to build a brand image, culture is seen as a succesful tecnhique for ensuring the distinctivenes of cities. The article also focuses on place attachment, which is the positive, emotional bond that people develop with certain cities. Cultural events (such as art festivals) have a mediating role in place attachment and city brand equity, and can increase the level of loyalty for a place.
- Type: Review Article
- Published on: 10th June, 2022
- Keywords: City branding; Cultural strategies;
- Pages: 37-44
- Received: 12th February, 2022
- Final revision and acceptance: 9th June, 2022
DETERMINANTS OF FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION IN TANGAIL DISTRICT IN BANGLADESH: A LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS
This study is conducted to find the determinants of female labor force participation in Tangail, Bangladesh. The study examines the relationship of female labor force participation in this district with different factors like family type, education, training facilities and credit facilities. We purposively collect data from 300 females in Tangail district using the schedule method and use logistic regression. Later Hosmer and Lemeshow test, cooks distance test, and VIF test are used to diagnose whether the results are valid or not. Analysis shows that: (1) females from nuclear families are thirteen times more likely than those from joint families to be engaged in economic activities; (2) agriculture and service-oriented household’s women are less interested in joining the labor force than those from other income sources; (3) participation of women aged 55 to above is less in the labor force than those of others; (4) higher education, training facilities, and microcredit all have a positive impact on women's labor force participation because educated women participate much more than uneducated women; (5) females who receive training facilities are 32 times more likely , and women who receive microcredit are three times more likely to enter the labor force than their counterparts.
- Type: Case Study
- Published on: 10th June, 2022
- Keywords: Female labor force; Economic activities; Unemployment; Education; Logistic regression;
- Pages: 45-57
- Received: 17th April, 2022
- Final revision and acceptance: 9th June, 2022
INCLUSION + RESPECT ≥ EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP
Comparing and contrasting the realities of being liked versus respected may result in noticing that not everyone will like one another in the workplace. Additionally, innate factors, such as envy and jealousy and personal insecurities all may play psychological roles in why/how humans behave towards others. As an example, one may respect the fact that due to rising material costs, a contractor may need to raise prices for services, but they may not like the person (contractor) in doing so. Studies focusing on the effects of the, such would be helpful to note long-term effects on liking/respecting individuals and work performed. The purpose of this article is to illuminate the critical task of leaders including and respecting each associate on an individual basis.
- Type: Original Research
- Published on: 10th June, 2022
- Keywords: Leadership; Strategy; Strategic Human Resource Management; Organizational Behavior; Organizational Communication; Management;
- Pages: 59-64
- Received: 20th May, 2022
- Final revision and acceptance: 9th June, 2022
LINK BETWEEN LEADERSHIP STYLES OF MANAGERS AND EMPLOYEE`S PERFORMANCE IN ORGANIZATIONS DURING COVID-19 CRISIS
Employees, managers, and organizations struggled during Covid-19 outbreak. Many changes occurred during this crisis and as a manager to maintain the organizational performance became more crucial under challenging circumstances. Leadership style of managers effect employee’s performance and motivation during this though times. Motivation relates to performance, once employee’s performance raise then organizational performance positively will be affected. For this reason, this study aimed to provide a better comprehension of the concept of employee performance, leadership styles during Covid-19 outbreak. We have done this by clarifying impacts of leadership styles of managers on employee performance in the organizations during Covid-19 pandemic based on previous studies in the literature.
- Type: Review Article
- Published on: 10th June, 2022
- Keywords: Leadership Styles; Employee`s Performance; Covid-19 Crisis;
- Pages: 65-74
- Received: 25th May, 2022
- Final revision and acceptance: 9th June, 2022
ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS OF COVID-19 ON BUSINESS AND CSR
The purpose of this paper is to examine some business responses towards the Covid-19 pandemic specifically through an ethical lens. It also aims at giving recommendations to businesses in respecting the role they play in these critical times by addressing the pandemic and the results thereof. What are the right decisions for businesses in these times? What ethical implications need to be well thought out before acting? What is the perspective of the law with regards to Corporate Social Responsibility challenges?
- Type: Review Article
- Published on: 10th June, 2022
- Keywords: CSR; Greenwashing; Environmental; COVID-19; Consumerism;
- Pages: 75-84
- Received: 13th June, 2022
- Final revision and acceptance: 9th June, 2022
THE MODERN LEADER: THE HISTORY OF LEADERSHIP STYLES AND THE MOST IMPORTANT QUALITIES OF A MODERN LEADER
A business can grow as high as its leader can grow. It is true of the saying, which highlights that it does not matter whether we are examining a small and medium-sized enterprise or a specific department of a huge corporation or the whole firm, the qualities, abilities, behavior of the leader and training of human resources and especially of managers working in key positions are critical importance for the success of the company. Professional proficiency includes knowledge of work processes, knowledge of how to solve the tasks to be performed, and the ability to apply technical solutions found in the workplace. In addition to professional skills, dealing with people is a critical skill. Finding the right leadership style is a leader's most important task. Motivating and involving employees in order to achieve goals, as well as establishing appropriate communication and relationships.
- Type: Review Article
- Published on: 7th September, 2022
- Keywords: Leadership; Business; Virtue; Efficiency; Performance;
- Pages: 91-96
- Received: 18th July, 2022
- Final revision and acceptance: 6th September, 2022
PSYCHOLOGICAL DAMAGE TO MEDICAL STAFF DUE TO SARS - COV-2 VIRUS
Based on the evidence showing the psychological impairment of medical staff in pandemic periods is useful to introduce large-scale support programs and psychological education of medical staff. These measures, adapted to age and sex, can help increase the quality of work in the health fields and can also prevent medical leave for employees due to psychiatric pathologies caused by poorly managed stress and burnout.
- Type: Review Article
- Published on: 7th September, 2022
- Keywords: SARS - COV-2; Medical staff; Stress; Psychological impact; Hospital;
- Pages: 97-100
- Received: 14th May, 2022
- Final revision and acceptance: 6th September, 2022
THE EFFECT OF THE COVID-19 CRISIS ON THE SATISFACTION AND PERFORMANCE OF NURSES
The study reviews the effect of the COVID-19 crisis on the satisfaction and performance of nurses during the crisis as examined in studies carried out in ten countries (Italy, Australia, Great Britain, Germany, Israel, New Zealand, Spain, Canada, Romania, and Switzerland). The purpose of the study is to identify the scope and frequency of the phenomena reported by the nursing workforce from a broad global perspective and to provide information and recommendations to improve preparation for the future. The review shows that the COVID-19 crisis has affected the mental health of the nurses (Spain, Switzerland), anxiety, depression, and burnout (Switzerland, New Zealand, Canada, Germany), deterioration of working conditions mainly due to lack of staff, high employee turnover, and the lack of personal protective equipment (UK), and symptoms of stress and fear of contracting the disease (Romania, Germany, Canada). Also, the experience of coping during the pandemic period is seen as a deep mental trauma (Italy) and is characterized by the lack of mental support for the medical staff (Israel). The phenomena reported by the nursing staff in the countries examined caused less ability to function, lack of confidence, (to plan, concentrate, and organize), and a general decrease in motivation (Australia). Post-traumatic stress disorders were reported in all the countries examined.
- Type: Case Study
- Published on: 20th November, 2022
- Keywords: The COVID-19 epidemic; Nurse satisfaction; Conditions of employment of nurses;
- Pages: 101-114
- Received: 23rd October, 2022
- Final revision and acceptance: 19th November, 2022
THE MODERATING ROLE OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE OF THE COMMERCIAL BANKS IN NIGERIA
The world is rapidly changing due to technological advancement, which is affecting how organizations operate and impacting on corporate performance. “Artificial intelligence” is an emerging topic that has gotten a lot of attention globally. However, there is scarcity of literature on the subject, particularly in developing countries. This paper seeks to investigate the effect of “artificial intelligence” (AI) on employee performance (EP) of the commercial banks in Nigeria, using intellectual capital (human capital) as a moderator. A survey questionnaire was administered to 312 bank employees randomly. SPSS was employed to carry out a demographic statistic to have a better understanding and summary of the data. Additionally, a structural equation model (PLS-SEM) was employed and SmartPLS 3 professional version is employed for the analyses and testing of the formulated hypotheses. Findings prove a positive and significant correlation between artificial intelligence and employee performance. Also, intellectual capital (human capital) positively and significantly moderates the nexus between artificial intelligence and employee performance.
- Type: Original Research
- Published on: 13th December, 2022
- Keywords: Artificial Intelligence (AI); Intellectual Capital (IC); Human Capital (HC);b Employee Performance (EP);
- Pages: 115-119
- Received: 1st September, 2022
- Final revision and acceptance: 12th December, 2022
MEASURING THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON COUNTRIES USING COMPOSITE INDEXES
Consumers, regulators, government institutions, and the media are all directly affected by globalization. Globalization is a recognized economic phenomenon that is often seen as a catalyst for national economic growth and development. The economy, politics, and society have become more intertwined in the last two decades. A trend in one part of the world quickly influences development in other parts. The COVID-19 epidemic is an excellent example of this interdependence. The purpose of this study is to systematically review the literature which deals with the study of composite indices measuring globalization and its impact. This is accomplished by collecting and classifying 65 peer-reviewed publications, primarily from Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct, and augmented by a search of existing databases and bibliographies. This review elaborates on the six widely cited globalization indexes. The study will contribute to existing literature and theories by documenting and comparing currently used composite indices. Findings show that despite its shortcomings, the KOFGI is the most popular index with sixty three percent of globalization studies citing it followed by ATK/FP as second most cited index.
- Type: Review Article
- Published on: 20th December, 2022
- Keywords: Globalization Index; Economic globalization; KOF Globalization Index (KOFGI); Technological globalization; Social and Political globalization; Ernst & Young’s Annual Globalization Index;
- Pages: 121-142
- Received: 24th September, 2022
- Final revision and acceptance: 19th December, 2022
HOME-MARKET BIAS! INVESTMENT BEHAVIOR FROM THE PERSEPCTIVE OF BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS IN THE GERMAN STOCK MARKET
Studies of the investor culture of both private and institutional German investors show a clear overweighting of German equity portfolios compared with international equity portfolios. This overweighting does not stop at institutional investors. It reduces returns and leads to increased risks in the long run. Explanations for this lie in heuristics and distorted perceptions, also called home bias and overconfidence effect, which lead to this investor behavior. This article describes these phenomena from the perspective of behavioral economics using heuristics.
- Type: Case Study
- Published on: 20th December, 2022
- Keywords: German Stock Market; Private and Institutional Investment Portfolios; Home- Bias; Heuristics; Behavioral Economics; Behavioral Finance;
- Pages: 143-148
- Received: 27th November, 2022
- Final revision and acceptance: 19th December, 2022
FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN CAPITAL AND EDUCATION ELEMENTS OF THE ENTREPRENEURSHIP ECOSYSTEM
This work presents a literature review on the Human Capital (HC) factor as part of the Entrepreneurship Ecosystem. The research mainly is focused on a detailed investigation of the theories and concepts of HC, based on education as the main focus of the HC. This work explores the research of Gary Becker (1962), one of the main influencers in the fields of HC and Education. His work has been mapped by observing its connectedness with the literature review, created with a beta tool using the “similarity metric” method which gives results with the Co-citation and Bibliographic Coupling using the Semantic Scholar databases. The first part is the introductory overview of the HC theories, significant researchers, and interconnectedness, the second part describes the relations of HC and education, while the third part includes a subtopic about entrepreneurial HC, an introduction developed for further research interests and the results and findings provides the summary of components for value creation in the HC.
- Type: Review Article
- Published on: 20th December, 2022
- Keywords: Human Capital; Entrepreneurship; Education;
- Pages: 149-157
- Received: 19th November, 2022
- Final revision and acceptance: 19th December, 2022
